The sections are further divided up into quarter sections of 160 acres. Thus there are 36 sections in a township. They are further divided up into areas of 1 square mile called sections. The lines running North-South are called range lines. lines running East-West are called township lines. They are 6 miles by 6 miles, thus have an area of 36 square miles. Each of these squares are called townships. Beginning at these points, the surveyors established lines every 6 miles North, South, East and West of the crossing point. In Florida for instance, they cross at a point in Tallahassee. The principal meridians running North-South and East-West intersect at these locations. There are geographical locations all over the US that serve as a base reference. It is used in all states except for the original 13 colonies, the states created from these colonies and Kentucky, West Virginia and Texas. The rectangular land survey system was adopted by the federal government in 1785. A typical metes and bounds description is as follows:īeginning at a point (POB) on the North side of James Street 50 feet East from the corner formed by the intersection of the East boundary of Peter Road and the North boundary of James Street thence East 90 degrees 200 feet thence North 300 feet thence West 200 feet thence direct to the POB. Writing a metes and bounds description is a job for a land surveyor. A critical feature is the Point of Beginning POB. Metes refers to distance and bounds to direction. Regardless of the type of legal description, understanding their effect is important as they outline exactly what is included in the purchase and sale of a property.There are 4 types of legal descriptions used in real estate in the USA: The beginning of a metes and bounds legal description would look something like “A portion of the Southwest Quarter of the Southeast Quarter of Section 35, Township 2 North, Range 4 West, B.M., Owyhee County, Idaho, more particularly described as follows: Commencing at the South Quarter corner of said Section 35…” These can be used to describe anything outside of a subdivision development type property but can tend to be quite lengthy. An example of this would look something like “Lot 5 of Block 1, Sunset Meadow Subdivision, according to the official plat thereof, recorded October 17, 2008.” Metes and Boundsįinally, metes and bounds legal descriptions are created by a licensed surveyor and used to describe a specific piece of ground using distances, angles, bearings, and directions. From there you can find your lot and block relating to your property. A platted subdivision contains all the blocks and lots found within the specific development. Lot and block legal descriptions are used when talking about a piece of property within a subdivision. The Rectangular SurveyĪ rectangular survey system or sectional ground legal description is going to look something like the following, “In Township 2 North, Range 5 West, Boise Meridian, Owyhee County, Idaho Section 4: Southeast Quarter of the Northeast Quarter.” With this type of legal description, the map is split into sections, those sections are then split into smaller quarters, and even quarter-quarters. Your legal description is found in your title commitment, on either Schedule A or as an attached Exhibit A, after Schedule B Part II. There are three different formats of legal descriptions: rectangular survey system – also known as sectional ground, lot and block, and metes and bounds. Before you sit down to read your legal description there are a few things you should know…. Legal descriptions can be confusing and difficult to read but are one of the most crucial parts of acquiring property.
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